{"id":617,"date":"2019-11-03T02:15:56","date_gmt":"2019-11-03T01:15:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.as-schneider.blog\/?p=617"},"modified":"2020-11-17T13:18:22","modified_gmt":"2020-11-17T12:18:22","slug":"chloride-induced-stress-corrosion-cracking-ciscc-in-pipelines","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/as-schneider.blog\/2019\/11\/03\/chloride-induced-stress-corrosion-cracking-ciscc-in-pipelines\/","title":{"rendered":"Chloride induced stress corrosion cracking (CISCC) in pipelines"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Chloride induced stress corrosion cracking (CISCC) in pipelines<\/h1>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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The energy sector has passed through various atmospheric and process environmental challenges. How big is the challenge? It depends on the region, application, process media, and industry. It is also not limited to these factors. One of these challenges is Chloride Induced Stress Corrosion Cracking (CISCC).<\/p>

CISCC is one of the most common reasons for steel deterioration. It attacks austenitic\u00a0stainless steel components in the petrochemical industry.<\/p>

Corrosion can lead to catastrophe. It has the potential to discharge toxic substances and stored energy. Austenitic stainless steels are iron-based alloys that contain 19 percent chromium and 9 percent nickel. These steels have high corrosion resistance in most aqueous and atmospheric settings because of passivation by a thin layer of chromium oxide. Humid and wet environments containing chloride ions can cause pitting. It also causes crevice corrosion of austenitic stainless steel components.<\/p>

Many companies use 300 series stainless steel. It offers excellent resistance to general corrosion. However, even 300 Series stainless steel is susceptible to CISCC.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Chloride corrosion of stainless steel<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Stainless steel can donate free chlorine ions to an aqueous solution. Thus, it has the potential for causing failure in stainless steel. Chloride induced corrosion is not like the bulk corrosion seen in rust. It is the exact opposite and does not spread out in an even layer like rust. Instead, pits and crevices form and grow perpendicular to the surface under attack. The corrosion is often severe in some areas, while others may appear untouched. Thicker pipes and tubes do not always last longer than thin ones. They are as susceptible to failure due to chloride-induced corrosion.<\/p>

A pipeline\u2019s defense against chloride stress corrosion cracking (SCC) depends on the family of stainless steel from which it comes. The austenitic family is more vulnerable than any other. Its resistance relates to the amount of nickel contained in the steel, with most vulnerable austenitic categories having nickel contents ranging from 8 to 10 wt%. Austenitic classes with high molybdenum and nickel contents, such as 904L and alloy 20, have better chloride SCC resistance. Ferritic stainless steels are very resistant to chloride SCC, including Types 430 and 444.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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What is stress corrosion cracking in pipelines?<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Pitting causes the failure of stainless steel because of perforation. It engenders SCC in pipelines and other applications. The life cycle of the stainless alloy decreases. We assume that corrosion happens in several pits on both sides of the rivet deeps. We also assume that it causes many fatigue cracks. A system failure can occur because of the linkage between any two neighboring cracks. The pits continue to grow until the pipeline ends up with fatigue crack nucleation. It is here that mechanical effects such as stress intensity factor come into play.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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What causes stress corrosion cracking?<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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CISCC requires the presence of:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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